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Obstetrics - Postpartum
Depression can be described in many ways. People say that they are blue, sad, unhappy, miserable or down-in-the-dumps. When it occurs after childbirth it is called postpartum depression. There are 3 main categories of mood changes after childbirth.
Postpartum blues usually starts about 4 or 5 days after birth. It is usually a manageable state that goes away on its own. No one is sure why it occurs but it is very common.
Postpartum depression is a sadness that can be accompanied by anger, a feeling of loss and
frustration. It interferes with everyday life for a more extended period of time because of
its effect on well -being. This can occur any time after childbirth, up to one year later.
Again, no one is sure why it happens but some causes are thought to be hormonal changes in
estrogen and progesterone or changes in thyroid function after birth.
Some contributing factors include stress due to loss of control and lack of sleep and the feelings of loss of identity and of being overwhelmed. Some of the signs of depression include sadness, crying, decreased energy and restlessness. There may be changes in eating habits and sleep patterns. Feelings of worthlessness and guilt can occur. There may be a decrease in interest and pleasure from activities and a withdrawal from friends and family. This must all be discussed with your doctor. Some ways to help take control of this include talk therapy and/or use of medications. These are safe even if you are breast-feeding. There should be no guilt involved when you make an appointment to help yourself feel better.
A very uncommon type of postpartum depression is called psychosis. This only occurs in 1-2 cases out of 1000. This condition is associated with some of the same symptoms listed above but the changes are much more severe. There are usually delusions and hallucinations and rapid mood swings. There may be overwhelming feelings of wanting to hurt oneself and the baby. It usually occurs in patients who already have psychiatric disorders and they need much more intense therapy and support.
The most important thing to remember is that these conditions can be treated and you can find help and support when you talk to your doctor.
